a.) Diamond's major themes and key points revolve around his theory that the differences between human societies on different continents seems to be caused by the differences in the environments of the continents and not due to the biological differences between the people.
b.) He identifies that the most important factors which determine a society's success are the availability of plant and animal species that are able to be domesticated. These species need to be able to easily spread without being affected by climate. Domesticated crops and animals can lead to higher amounts of agriculture and herding, which would increase the population of the society and the amount of food resources. This rise in population would increase the development of disease, writing, technology, and political organizations. He uses Tasmania and Australia as a warning of the effects of isolation. These isolated societies had lower rates of technological development and little to no domesticated plants and animals and therefore were much more underdeveloped than other societies around the same time.
c.) These ideas can be applied to today's global economy by recognizing that interacting with other societies increases the development and advancement of technology. They emphasize the importance of agriculture and livestock to a society's growth and success. If the global economy wants to continue to improve and grow the interactions between societies in order to advance technology.
http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/diamond/diamond_p2.html
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