Friday, April 26, 2013

International Interactions of Australia

1.) International Trade 
a.) Exports: 
  • Coal, iron ore, gold, meat wool, alumina, wheat, machinery and transport equipment
  • $269.3 billion (2012)
  • China 29.14%, Japan 19.4%, South Korea 8.3%, India 5%, and the U.S. 3.7% (2012)

b.) Imports 
  • Machinery and transport equipment, computers and office machines, telecommunication equipment and parts, crude oil, and petroleum products
  • $239.7 billion (2012)
  • China 18.1%, the U.S. 12.8%, Japan 8.5%, Singapore 6.2%, and Germany 4.7% (2012)

2.) Exchange rate
  • Current value of the Australian dollars (AUD) is 0.97 per 1.00 U.S. dollars.
  • Recent history of AUD / US dollar:
  • 2012- 0.9630
  • 2011- 0.9695
  • 2010- 1.0902
  • 2009- 1.2822
  • 2008- 1.2059

3.) Immigration / emigration
  • Immigration:
    • New Zealand 20.2%, China 11.5%, United Kingdom 8.6%, and India 8.3%
    • Currently about 1 in 4 Australians were born outside of Australia.
    • From 2010-2011 127,460 settlers arrived in Australia from over 200 different countries.
    • Only 39,000 permanently moved to Australia
  • Emigration:
    • Low of 18,100 leaving from 1985-86
    • High of 41,100 leaving from 1999-2000
    • Even though there is an increase of Australian-born people permanently leaving the country, there are still more overseas-born Australians that are more likely to leave the country. This is true for both females and males.

4.) Relations with other countries
  • Active member of the United Nations and the Commonwealth of Nations.
  • ANZAC- Australian and New Zealand Army Corps dates back to the early 1900s and have created long standing ties with New Zealand as their allies.
  • Australia's foreign policy is based on multilateralism, regionalism, and bilateral relations with its allies.
    • Mulitlateralism- multiple countries working together on a given issue (Wikipedia).
    • Regionalism- expression of a common sense of identity and purpose combined with the creation and implementation of institutions that express a particular identity and shape collective action within a geographical region (Wikipedia).
    • Bilateral relations- consists of the political, economic, or cultural relations between two sovereign states. Typically when states recognize one another as sovereign states and agree to develop diplomatic relations, they exchange diplomatic agents such as ambassadors to facilitate dialogues and cooperation in different fields (Wikipedia).

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